Rangitoto Island is a good example of the damaging effect introduction of exotic or alien species can have on native vegetation and animals. Goats, Fallow Deer, Brush-Tailed Rock Wallabies and Brushtail Possums were all eradicated between 1880 and 1996, and Stoats, Rabbits, Mice, Rats (Black and Brown), Cats and Hedgehogs thereafter, allowing Rangitoto and neighbouring Motutapu to be officially declared pest-free in August 2011. Vigilance is still required, and traps are used to catch any accidental or self-introductions.