Phalaropus fulicarius is known as the Red Phalarope in North America or the Grey Phalarope in Europe, where it is a winter visitor. It breeds in both low and high Arctic, and is essentially monogamous, but this depends on the numbers of both sexes available. The usual sexual roles are reversed, with the brighter female performing courtship and most aggression, while the less strongly coloured male incubates the eggs and cares for the offspring.